QUANTUM PHYSICS FOR BEGINNERS: THE BEST GUIDE TO DISCOVER AND UNDERSTAND THE MOST INTERESTING CONCEPTS OF QUANTUM PHYSICS WITH A FOCUS ON THE LAW OF ATTRACTION AND THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY by CLARK DAVID

Author:CLARK, DAVID [CLARK, DAVID]
Language: eng
Format: epub, azw3
Published: 2020-07-17T16:00:00+00:00

Chapter 6 - How Planck Developed the New Concepts in Physics?

All objects in the universe are constantly exchanging energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

In fact, according to the laws of classical physics known at the end of the 19th century, the farther from the infrared radiation in the UV direction of the spectrum (including the adjacent X-rays, then gamma rays), the more energy should be emitted so that the total energy in the whole range had to be infinite. This divergence between theory and reality was called the ultraviolet catastrophe.

Now, as objects never have the infinite quantity of energy, it would make the most sense if they just emitted all the present energy at once. In practice that would look like the world is full of radiation, gamma radiation mostly, and much colder objects, which would be very hard to heat.

As already mentioned, in addition to the emitting their own energy, objects also reflect a certain amount of radiation from surrounding objects. This complicates the overall picture if you are precisely trying to measure only the emitted radiation, which must somehow be distinguished from the reflected radiation.

Therefore, in order to simplify the research, physicists considered a model of a body that does not reflect rays, but only absorbs and emits (which was known as the black body, as it is dark and can never be seen clearly because any light that falls on it is absorbed, rather than being reflected into our eyes, thereby making the object visible.

As is usually the case in practical science, scientists have never had a perfect black body, but there were some inventions that reflected radiation very little and allowed scientists to conduct experiments much more precisely than with usual objects). This would guarantee that they were dealing with the emitted radiation clearly dependent on the temperature of the object.

Scientists were looking for some additional explanation of why the radiation had a limited range and quantity. It was one of the greatest scientific mysteries of the time, especially since the established laws of physics in the 19th century – which said that objects must give off their energy with unlimited intensity – worked perfectly on other important issues. As it turned out, the solution was so unusual and revolutionary that for years it wasn’t taken seriously by the general physicists’ community, or even the author of the solution himself!

As everybody knows, we can use a fractional number to express any value, such as length, weight, or energy, to any degree of accuracy. For instance, if the whole number 4 is not precise enough, we can use a fraction to specify the value to greater extents, for example, 4.5, or 4.531, or even 4.531112191, and so on.

There is also no such thing as a minimum number to describe a value, since numbers can be fractionally smaller and smaller without end: 0.01 => 0.001 => 0.0001, etc. These very ideas about any energy amount defined physics until the 20th century, and they had to be modified

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